In Russia, they wore the same uniforms as other military officers, but the zampolit were political officers - ensuring that soldiers within the unit toed the Communist Party line.
Commissars, as they were originally titled, were first commissioned in the Russian Revolution - by the Imperial Army! The Red Army soon adopted the position and early in their careers Stalin, Kruschev, and Brezchnev all served as zampolit.
American Commissars: The Bush Administration seems to have adopted its own version of the zampolit. Look under any rock in this government you'll find another Bush crony or political hack whose only qualifications are loyalty to Bush and extremist ideology.
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